Clinical Studies on the Effects of Alkaline Water

The following papers are sourced from various
internet sites and educational establishments around the world including Japan.

They do not represent the opinions of management of Ion Life nor do we publish them with the intention of trying to prove a curative or therapeutic recommendation.

Please always consult your doctor for specialised medical advice.

To access the clinical studies information, please click on the links below:

• Effectiveness of Ionized Water in Burns and Wounds. (.pdf of original study)
• Finland Study of Water Hardness and its relationship to Heart Disease
• Ecologic study of water hardness and cerebrovascular mortality in Japan.
• Spatial analysis of the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and drinking water hardness.
• Drinking water hardness and chronic degenerative diseases.
• Contribution of food products and drinking water to the intake of minerals by elderly
• Magnesium in drinking water in relation to morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction [In Process Citation]
• Magnesium in drinking water and the risk of death from diabetes mellitus.(Taiwan)
• Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and death from acute myocardial infarction in women. Sweden
• Magnesium in drinking water and body magnesium status measured using an oral loading test.
• Variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters: implications for health and disease.
• Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer.
• Colon cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.
• Calcium, magnesium, and nitrate in drinking water and gastric cancer mortality.
• Magnesium in drinking water and ischemic heart disease.
• Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. (Taiwan)
• Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from colon cancer.
• Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and cerebrovascular mortality in Taiwan.
• Magnesium in drinking water and death from acute myocardial infarction.
• Environmental magnesium deficiency as a cardiovascular risk factor.
• Rectal cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.
• Pancreatic cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.
• Colon cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.
• Swedish study of Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality
• Calculations of American Deaths Caused by Magnesium Deficiency, As Projected from International Data
• Use of Alkaline water in treating Gynaecological complaints
• Alkaline Water for Prevention of Diseases
• Alkaline water for the treatment of Digestive Problems
• Use of Alkaline water in allergies
• Effects of calcium alkaline water on formation and maintenance of osseous tissues (osteoporosis)
• Use of Alkaline water in hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria
• Use of Alkaline water in diabetes treatment
• Use of Alkaline water in gynecological conditions
• Neutralization of Toxins
• Use of Alkaline water in treating Eczema
• Clinical evaluation of alkaline water for abdominal complaints: Placebo controlled double blind tests
• Physiological effects of alkaline water: Effects on metabolites produced by intestinal fermentation
• Other Studies on the effect of hard (alkaline water) on health you may like to pursue;
• Crawford MD, Gardner MJ, Morris JN. Mortality and hardness of local water-supplies. Lancet 1968;i:827–31.
• Masironi R, Pisa Z, Clayton D. Myocardial infarction and water hardness in European towns. Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980;4:77–87.
• Karppanen H, Pennanen R, Passinen L. Minerals, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death. Adv Cardiol 1978;25:9–24.[Medline]
• Nerbrand CH, Svärdsudd K, Ekland J, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in seven counties in Sweden in relation to water hardness and geological settings. Eur Heart J 1992;13:721–7.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Rylander R, Bonevik H, Rubenowitz E. Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality. Scand J Work Environ Health 1991;17:91–4.[Medline]
• Piispanen R. Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality in Finland. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 1993;15:201–8.[CrossRef]
• Punsar S, Karvonen MJ. Drinking water quality and sudden death: observations from West and East Finland. Cardiology 1979;64:24–34.[Medline]
• Anderson TW, Neri LC, Schreiber GB, et al. Ischemic heart disease, water hardness and myocardial magnesium. [Letter]. Can Med Assoc J 1975;113:199–203.[Abstract]
• Luoma H, Helminen SK, Ranta H, et al. Relationships between the fluoride and magnesium concentrations in drinking water and some components in serum related to cardiovascular diseases in men from four rural districts in Finland. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1973;32:217–24.[Medline]
• Luoma H, Aromaa A, Helminen S, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction in Finnish men in relation to fluoride, magnesium and calcium concentration in drinking water. Acta Med Scand 1983;213:171–6.[Medline]
• Rubenowitz E, Molin I, Axelsson G, et al. Magnesium in drinking water in relation to morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 2000;11:416–21.[CrossRef][Medline]
• Rubenowitz E, Axelsson G, Rylander R. Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and death from acute myocardial infarction in women. Epidemiology 1999;10:31–6.[Medline]
• Punsar S, Erämetsä O, Karvonen MJ, et al. Coronary heart disease and drinking water. J Chron Dis 1975;28:259–87.[CrossRef][Medline]
• Huel G, Thomazeau R, Derriennic F, et al. Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality. A study of 947 Alsatian communities. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1978;26:381–90.[Medline]
• Smith WC, Crombie IK. Coronary heart disease and water hardness in Scotland—is there a relationship? J Epidemiol Community Health 1987;41:227–8.[Abstract]
• Maheswaran R, Morris S, Falconer S, et al. Magnesium in drinking water supplies and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in north west England. Heart 1999;82:455–60.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Reunanen A, Knekt P, Marniemi J, et al. Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc and risk of cardiovascular death. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:431–7.[Medline]
• Saris NE, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, et al. Magnesium. An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. Clin Chim Acta 2000;294:1–26.[CrossRef][Medline]
• Durlach J. The importance of magnesium in water. In: Magnesium in clinical practice. London: John Libbey, 1988:221–2.
• Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppänen K, et al. Interactions of serum copper, selenium, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in atherogenesis. BMJ 1991;302:756–60.
• Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Korpela H, et al. High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in eastern Finnish men. Circulation 1992;86:803–11.[Medline]
• Rytkonen M, Ranta J, Tuomilehto J, et al. The SPAT Study Group. The Finnish Childhood Diabetes Registry Group. Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in the incidence of type I diabetes in Finland. Diabetologia 2001;44 (suppl 3) :B37–44.
• Kousa A, Nikkarinen M. Geochemical environment in areas of low and high coronary heart disease mortality. In: Autio S, ed. Special paper 23. Espoo: Geological Survey of Finland, 1997:137–48.